Medical Corner

These articles, research papers and resources are provided by the University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital.

What is Sleep

• Non-REM Sleep
• REM Sleep

Sleep Habits/Tips

Sleep Apnea

• Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • What is OSA?
  • Causes
  • Risk Factors
  • Symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Clinical Consequences
  • Treatment
• Central Sleep Apnea
  • What is CSA?
  • Causes
    • Hypercapnic CSA
    • Non-hypercapnic CSA
  • Risk Factors
  • Symptoms/Features
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
    • Hypercapnic CSA
    • Non-hypercapnic CSA
• Additional CSA Information
  • Idiopathic Central Sleep Apnea
  • CSA and Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

Insomnia

• What is insomnia?
• Causes
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Restless Legs Syndrome

• What is RLS?
• Causes
• Risk factors
• Symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

• What is PLMD?
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Narcolepsy

• What is Narcolepsy?
• Causes
• Risk factors
• Symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Clinical Consequences
• Treatment

Important Research

• Sleep apnea and other breathing problems during sleep
  • Causes (pathogenesis)
  • How common are they (epidemiology)
  • How do they affect health and well-being (consequences)
    1. Snoring, sleepiness and car accidents
       • Habitually Sleepy Drivers Have a High Frequency of Automobile Crashes Associated with Respiratory Disorders during Sleep
       • Does Snoring Contribute to Presbycusis?
       • Hearing loss in the bed partners of snorers
    2. Depressed breathing (respiratory failure)
    3. High Blood Pressure
       • Exploring the Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and High Blood Pressure
    4. Cardiovascular Complications
       • Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea with CPAP: Looking at Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects
       • Association of Nocturnal Arrhythmias with Sleep-disordered Breathing
       • Exploring the Link between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease
    5. Stroke
       • Sleep Apnea and Stroke
       • Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea and Incident Stroke
  • Treatments
    1. Continuous Airway Pressure (CPAP)
       • CPAP Reduces the Rates of Car Accidents in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
       • Central Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure: Does CPAP Help?
       • Effect of CPAP on Blood Pressure in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
       • Can Obstructive Sleep Apnea be Diagnosed and Treated in Single Night?
       • The Study That Started It All: Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea with CPAP
       • CPAP improves daytime sleepiness, cognition, mood and quality of life in patients with OSA
       • Determinants of compliance with CPAP in patients with OSA.
       • Early CPAP compliance predicts long-term CPAP use in patients with OSA.
       • Intensive patient support during CPAP initiation.
    2. "Other Devices"
       • Treatment of OSA with the Provent nasal device.
    3. Weight Loss
       • Weight Loss and Treatment of Mild OSA.
       • Weight Loss and Treatment of Moderate to Severe OSA.
       • Positional Treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
         • Positional Treatment for OSA Using the Backpack Approach
         • Positional Treatment for OSA Using the Tennis Ball Approach
         • A neck device

Toronto General Sleep Lab Information